Similar effects were reported by Assecondi et al. Thus, post-cognitive stages of task processing were thought to be affected by the different environments, which would explain why only RTs and not error rates were affected. The results were interpreted in terms of response execution. Mean RTs increased from sitting upright, to lying down, to the actual scanner experience, while error rates remained unaffected. In a between-subject design, participants either performed a spatial judgment task while sitting behind a standard computer screen, or while lying on a stretcher, or while inside an operating MRI scanner. ( 2003), who studied the effect of a horizontal orientation of the participant in addition to noise, and found that RTs increased. That is, when averaged across the levels of the cognitive control manipulation, RTs as well as error rates were unaffected by hearing loud noises. ( 2012) the effect of acoustic noise only appeared in interaction with the cognitive control manipulation. It is interesting to note that in the experiment by Hommel et al. ( 2012) interpreted their results in terms of a stress-induced increase in attentional control (Chajut & Algom, 2003 Plessow, Fischer, Kirschbaum, & Goschke, 2011). Error rates displayed a similar pattern of improvement. That is, in a series of three experiments, participants’ response times (RT) decreased on trials where more cognitive control was required relative to trials in which less cognitive control was required. ( 2012) studied the effect of noise-as generated by echo planar imaging (EPI)-and found that performance on cognitive control tasks increased when participants were subjected to acoustic noise sequences. These studies have not led to a consensus on the effects of MRI scanner environment.Ī possible reason for this lack of consensus lies in the different ways the scanner environment was simulated. However, given the popularity of fMRI, it is surprising that only a few studies have examined the effects of fMRI itself on behavior (to our knowledge, the only papers that explicitly address this question are Assecondi et al., 2010 Hommel, Fischer, Colzato, van den Wildenberg, & Cellini, 2012 Koch et al., 2003 Koten, Langner, Wood, & Willmes, 2013). fMRI studies have increased our understanding of the brain and its relation to behavior tremendously. fMRI measures the brain’s local dependence on oxygenated blood, providing insights in the metabolic response to neural activity (Huettel, Song, & McCarthy, 2009). Radiofrequency (RF) coils, including a transmit RF coil - \(B_1^+(\vec,t)\), which captures the magnetic fields resulting from nuclear spins that we measure in MRI.Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most widespread methods to understand the relationship between brain and behavior. The scanner consists of 3 hardware components that are required for all MRI scans If we cut open a typical MRI scanner, it would look like this Why is it dangerous to bring certain metals into a MRI scanner? How do they work? In other words, what are the magnetic fields they create?) What are the required components of MRI system? Describe the 4 fundmanetal components of a MRI scan and why they are necessary
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